Ubuhanga bwibanze:
Imbaraga zikomeyebisaba kuzimya no kugabanya ubuvuzi ukurikije ibisabwa bya tekiniki.Gushyushya umuriro no kuzimyani ukunoza imiterere yubukanishi bwuzuye kugirango yuzuze imbaraga zagaragaye hamwe nigipimo cyibicuruzwa. Uburyo bwo gutunganya ubushyuhe bugira ingaruka zikomeye kumiterere yimbere yimbaraga zikomeye, cyane cyane ubwiza bwimbere. Mugihe cyo kuzimya no gutunganya ubushyuhe bwo gutunganya ubushyuhe, gaze ya okiside isanzwe izanwa hanze yitanura. Gazi ya okiside izakora hamwe na bolt, itera decarburisation hejuru ya bolt. Bitewe nubuso butandukanye nuburyo bwimbere, bufite coefficient zitandukanye zo kwaguka. Mugihe cyo kuzimya, ibice byo hejuru bishobora kubaho, bikagabanya ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa. Uburyo bwa gakondo bwo kuvura ubushyuhe burimo gushyira mu buryo butaziguye itanura ryo kuzimya ubushyuhe bwinshi. Mugihe cyo kuzimya no gutuza, ibibazo nkubukomezi budahagije muri leta yazimye, ubukana butaringaniye muri leta yazimye, deformisiyo yo kuzimya bikabije, hamwe no kuzimya bikunda kubaho. Urebye ibi, birakenewe ko tunonosorwa inzira gakondo yo gutunganya ubushyuhe.
Ibikoresho byo gushyira mu bikorwa tekinike:
Kugira ngo ukemure ibitagenda neza mu ikoranabuhanga risanzweho, intego y'ivumburwa ry'ubu ni ugutanga uburyo bwo kuvura ubushyuhe bwa bolts hamwe n'ingaruka nziza zo kuzimya, kuzamura ibicuruzwa, no kongera ubuzima bwa serivisi y'ibicuruzwa.
Kugirango tugere ku ntego zavuzwe haruguru, ibivumbuwe byafashe ingamba zikurikira:
Uburyo bwo gutunganya ubushyuhe bwa bolts burimo intambwe zikurikira:
S1. Dephosphorisation;
S2. Mbere yo kuvura: Shyira ibicuruzwa mu itanura ryashyushye kandi uhore utera gaze ya azote yo mu bushyuhe bwo hejuru mu itanura ryashyushye. Nyuma yo gushyushya amasaha 2.5 kugeza kuri 3, kuyikuramo no kuyashyira mu itanura rya karburizingi kugirango bivurwe;
S3. Kuzimya: Shyira ibicuruzwa mu itanura rizimya kandi uhore utera azote mu itanura. Nyuma yo gutera azote muminota 30-40, uzamure buhoro ubushyuhe bwitanura rizima kugeza 460-500 ℃ hanyuma ubigumane muminota 15-20 mbere yo gukomeza icyiciro cya mbere cyo kuvura; Buhoro buhoro wongere ubushyuhe bwitanura rya 550 ~ 700 ℃ hanyuma ubigumane muminota 20 ~ 35 mbere yo gukomeza icyiciro cya kabiri cyo kuvura; Buhoro buhoro wongere ubushyuhe bwitanura rya 750-850 ℃ hanyuma ubigumane muminota 30-45 mbere yo gukomeza icyiciro cya gatatu cyo kuvura;
S4. Gukonjesha amavuta: Kuramo ibicuruzwa byazimye hanyuma ubishyire mu kigega cya mbere cyo kuzimya amavuta kugirango ukonje amavuta, ubyuke buri minota 15 hanyuma ubigumane muminota 20-30; Nyuma yo kuyikuraho, shyira mu kigega cya kabiri kizimya amavuta kugirango ukonje amavuta, koga buri minota 15 kugeza ubushyuhe bwibicuruzwa bugabanutse kugera kuri 100 ℃;
S5. Gukuraho amavuta: Kuramo ibicuruzwa byakonje hanyuma ubireke bihagarare muminota 35-45, hanyuma uhanagure amavuta azimya hejuru yibicuruzwa ukoresheje umwuka ukonje;
S6. Ubushyuhe: Shyira ibicuruzwa byangiritse mumatara yubushyuhe kugirango uvure ubushyuhe, uhindure ubushyuhe bwubushyuhe kuri 110 ~ 180 and, naho igihe cyo gushyuha kugeza kumasaha 1.5 ~ 3. Kora icyiciro cya mbere cyo kuvura ubushyuhe; Kuzamura ubushyuhe kuri 370-410 ℃ hanyuma ushushe amasaha 3-6 mbere yo gukomeza icyiciro cya kabiri cyo kuvura ubushyuhe; Nyuma yo kuvura ubushyuhe, umwuka ukonje ibicuruzwa kubushyuhe bwicyumba.
Byaba byiza, mu ntambwe s1 yavuzwe haruguru, igisubizo cyogusukura kigizwe nibice bikurikira kubwinshi: ibice 20-36 bya butyl acetate, ibice 10-13 bya acide polyglycolike, ibice 16-20 bya acide aminoacetic, ibice 13-22 bya Ethyl acrylate, ibice 5-9 bya acide oleic triethanolamine, ibice 3-16 byamavuta yibice byamazi, hamwe na 18-26 yibice byamazi. Ingaruka.
Byaba byiza cyane, ikigega cya dephosifora kimaze kuvugwa gifite ibikoresho bya dephosifora, bihitamo umuti wa hydroxide ya potasiyumu hamwe na 2.2-6.5g / l cyangwa hydroxide ya sodium hamwe na 2.8-6.9g / l.
Byiza cyane, muntambwe yavuzwe haruguru s2, gaze ya azote yubushyuhe bwo hejuru yinjijwe mu itanura ryashyushye ni gaze ya azote mu itanura rizimya intambwe ya s3, umuvuduko wa 2.5-3.5l / h. Mugushushanya ibicuruzwa, igisubizo cyogusukura hejuru yacyo kirashobora gukama kandi kwiyongera gutunguranye kwubushyuhe mu itanura rizimya birashobora kwirinda kugira ingaruka kubicuruzwa.
Byaba byiza, mu ntambwe s3 yavuzwe haruguru, umuvuduko wa azote ni 4-5l / h, ushobora kuvana umwuka mu itanura ryashyushye, ukirinda okiside hagati ya ogisijeni n’ibicuruzwa, kandi ukirinda decarburisation, ishobora gutera kunanirwa kwizirika hamwe no kugabanya ubuzima bwa serivisi bwibicuruzwa.
By'umwihariko, mu ntambwe s3 yavuzwe haruguru, igipimo cyo gushyushya itanura kizima mugihe cyo gushyuha kugeza 460-500 ℃ ni 30-40 ℃ / min, igipimo cyo gushyushya mugihe cyo gushyuha kugeza 550-700 ℃ ni 50-60 ℃ / min, naho ubushyuhe mugihe cyo gushyuha kugeza 750-850 ℃ ni 70-90 ℃ / min. Icyiciro cyo gushyushya icyiciro gishobora kunoza ingaruka zo kuzimya ibicuruzwa no kuzamura ubwiza bwibicuruzwa.
Byaba byiza, mu ntambwe ya s4, ubushyuhe bwamavuta yo kuzimya mu kigega cya mbere cyo kuzimya ni 250-300 and, naho ubushyuhe bwamavuta azimya mu kigega cya kabiri cyo kuzimya ni 50-70 ℃.
Byiza cyane, muntambwe s5 hejuru, ubushyuhe bwumuyaga ukonje ni 30-35 and, naho umuvuduko wumuyaga ni 20-25m / s.
Ibyiza byubu byavumbuwe nuko inzira yo gutunganya ubushyuhe bwa bolt yoroshye, yoroshye gukora, kandi ifite ingaruka nziza yo kuzimya. Mugushushanya ibicuruzwa, igisubizo cyogusukura hejuru yacyo kirashobora gukama, kandi kwiyongera gutunguranye kwubushyuhe mu itanura rizimya birashobora kwirinda kugira ingaruka kubicuruzwa; Azote ifite ubushyuhe bwo hejuru ikoreshwa mu itanura ryashyushye ituruka ku itanura rizimya, ikuraho ibikoresho byo gushyushya mu itanura ryashyushye, rishobora kuzigama ingufu no kugabanya ibiciro by’umusaruro; Gutera azote mu ziko ryashyushye no kuzimya birashobora gukuramo umwuka imbere, ukirinda okiside iterwa na ogisijeni n'ibicuruzwa, bityo ukirinda decarburisation kandi bigatera kunanirwa gufunga imigozi, no kongera igihe cya serivisi y'ibicuruzwa; Icyiciro cyo gushyushya icyiciro gishobora kunoza ingaruka zo kuzimya ibicuruzwa no kuzamura ubwiza bwacyo; Gutunganya amavuta yo gukonjesha birashobora gukonjesha neza ibicuruzwa byo mu bushyuhe bwo hejuru bitangiza ubwiza bwabyo.
Uburyo bwihariye bwo gushyira mubikorwa
Ibikurikira nintangiriro yihariye kubintu byavumbuwe hamwe nibisobanuro byihariye.
Urugero 1
Uburyo bwo gutunganya ubushyuhe bwa bolts burimo intambwe zikurikira:
S1. Dephosphorisation;
Igisubizo cyogusukura kigizwe nibice bikurikira kubwinshi: ibice 20 bya acetate ya butyl, ibice 10 bya acide polyglycolike, ibice 16 bya acide aminoacetic, ibice 13 bya Ethyl acrylate, ibice 5 byumunyu wa oleic triethanolamine, ibice 3 bya etanolamine, nibice 18 byamazi; Ikigega cya dephosifora gifite ibikoresho bya dephosifora, ikoresha umuti wa potasiyumu hydroxide hamwe na 2.2g / l;
S2. Mbere yo kuvura: Shyira ibicuruzwa mu itanura ryashyushye kandi uhore utera gaze ya azote yo mu bushyuhe bwo hejuru mu itanura ryashyushye. Nyuma yo gushyushya amasaha 2.5, kuyikuramo no kuyashyira mu itanura rya carburizing kugirango bivurwe;
S3. Kuzimya: Shira ibicuruzwa mu itanura ryo kuzimya kandi uhore utera gaze ya azote mu itanura. Igipimo cya gaze ya azote ni 4l / h, kandi nyuma yo gutera gaze ya azote mu minota 30, ongera buhoro buhoro ubushyuhe bw itanura rizimya bugera kuri 460 ℃, hamwe nubushyuhe bwa 30 ℃ / min, hanyuma ubigumane muminota 15 mbere yo gukomeza icyiciro cya mbere cyo kuvura; Buhoro buhoro wongere ubushyuhe bwitanura rizima kugeza kuri 550 ℃, hamwe nubushyuhe bwa 50 ℃ / min, hanyuma ubigumane muminota 20 mbere yo gukomeza icyiciro cya kabiri cyo kuvura; Buhoro buhoro kongera ubushyuhe bwitanura kugeza kuri 750 ℃, hamwe nubushyuhe bwa 70 ℃ / min, hanyuma ukabigumana muminota 30 mbere yo gukomeza icyiciro cya gatatu cyo kuvura;
S4. Gukonjesha amavuta: Kuramo ibicuruzwa byazimye hanyuma ubishyire mu kigega cya mbere kizimya amavuta yo gukonjesha amavuta. Ubushyuhe bwamavuta azimya ni 250 ℃, hanyuma ubyuke buri minota 15 muminota 20; Nyuma yo kuyikuraho, shyira mu kigega cya kabiri cyo kuzimya amavuta kugirango ukonje amavuta, hamwe nubushyuhe bwamavuta kuri 50 ℃ hanyuma ubyuke buri minota 15 kugeza ubushyuhe bwibicuruzwa bugabanutse kugera kuri 100 ℃;
S5. Gukuraho amavuta: Kuramo ibicuruzwa byakonje hanyuma ureke bihagarare muminota 35. Kuraho amavuta azimya hejuru yibicuruzwa n'umwuka ukonje ku bushyuhe bwa 30 ℃ n'umuyaga wa 20m / s;
S6. Ubushyuhe: Shyira ibicuruzwa byangiritse mu itanura rishyushye kugirango uvure ubushyuhe, uhindure ubushyuhe kuri 110 ℃, naho igihe cyo gushyuha kigere ku masaha 1.5. Kora icyiciro cya mbere cyo kuvura ubushyuhe; Kuzamura ubushyuhe kuri 370 ℃, kurakara amasaha 3, hanyuma ukomeze icyiciro cya kabiri cyo kuvura ubushyuhe; Nyuma yo kuvura ubushyuhe, umwuka ukonje ibicuruzwa kubushyuhe bwicyumba.
Gazi ya azote yubushyuhe bwo hejuru yinjijwe mu itanura ryashyushye mu ntambwe ya s2 yiki kimenyetso ni gaze ya azote iva mu itanura rizimya intambwe ya s3, kandi umuvuduko wa gazi ya azote ifite ubushyuhe bwinshi ni 2.5l / h.
Urugero 2
Intambwe zikorwa muriki gishushanyo nizo ziri murugero 1, usibye imiterere yihariye yimikorere, ikubiyemo intambwe zikurikira:
S1. Dephosphorisation: shyira ibicuruzwa mumashini isukura hanyuma usukemo igisubizo cyogusukura kugeza igihe ibicuruzwa byinjijwe mumuti wogusukura. Hindura ubushyuhe bwo gukora isuku kuri 50 ℃ hanyuma ubyuke buri 15min. Nyuma yo koza kuri 3h, fata ibicuruzwa hanyuma ubishyire muri tank ya dephosphorisation kugirango bivurwe;
Igisubizo cyogusukura kigizwe nibice bikurikira kubwinshi: ibice 36 bya butil acetate, ibice 13 bya acide polyglycolike, ibice 20 bya acide amineacetic, ibice 22 bya Ethyl acrylate, ibice 9 byumunyu wa oleic triethanolamine, ibice 16 bya etanolamine, nibice 26 byamazi; Ikigega cya dephosifora gifite ibikoresho bya dephosifora, byatoranijwe nk'umuti wa potasiyumu hydroxide hamwe na 6.5g / l cyangwa hydroxide ya sodium hamwe na 6.9g / l;
S2. Mbere yo kuvura: Shyira ibicuruzwa mu itanura ryashyushye kandi uhore utera gaze ya azote yo mu bushyuhe bwo hejuru mu itanura ryashyushye. Nyuma yo gushyushya amasaha 3, kuyikuramo no kuyashyira mu itanura rya carburizing kugirango bivurwe;
S3. Kuzimya: Shira ibicuruzwa mu itanura ryo kuzimya kandi uhore utera gaze ya azote mu itanura. Igipimo cya gazi ya azote ni 5l / h, hanyuma nyuma yo gutera gaze ya azote kuri 40min, byongera buhoro buhoro ubushyuhe bw itanura rizimya kugera kuri 500 ℃, hamwe nubushyuhe bwa 40 ℃ / min, hanyuma ukabigumana 20min mbere yo gukomeza icyiciro cya mbere cyo kuvura; Buhoro buhoro wongere ubushyuhe bwitanura rizimya kugeza kuri 700 ℃, hamwe nubushyuhe bwa 60 ℃ / min, hanyuma ufate iminota 35 mbere yo gukomeza icyiciro cya kabiri cyo kuvura; Buhoro buhoro kongera ubushyuhe bwitanura kugeza kuri 850 ℃, hamwe nubushyuhe bwa 90 ℃ / min, hanyuma ufate iminota 45 mbere yo gukomeza icyiciro cya gatatu cyo kuvura;
S4. Gukonjesha amavuta: Kuramo ibicuruzwa byazimye hanyuma ubishyire mu kigega cya mbere kizimya amavuta yo gukonjesha amavuta. Ubushyuhe bwamavuta azimya ni 300 ℃, hanyuma ubyuke buri minota 15 muminota 30; Nyuma yo kuyikuraho, shyira mu kigega cya kabiri kizimya amavuta kugirango ukonje amavuta, hamwe nubushyuhe bwamavuta kuri 70 ℃ hanyuma ubyuke buri minota 15 kugeza ubushyuhe bwibicuruzwa bugabanutse kugera kuri 100 ℃;
S5. Gukuraho amavuta: Kuramo ibicuruzwa byakonje hanyuma ureke bihagarare muminota 45. Kuraho amavuta azimya hejuru yibicuruzwa n'umwuka ukonje ku bushyuhe bwa 35 ℃ n'umuvuduko wa 25m / s;
S6. Ubushyuhe: Shyira ibicuruzwa byangiritse mu itanura ryogukoresha kugirango uvure ubushyuhe, uhindure ubushyuhe bwa 180 ℃, naho igihe cyo kugaburira amasaha 3. Kora icyiciro cya mbere cyo kuvura ubushyuhe; Kuzamura ubushyuhe kuri 410 ℃, kurakara amasaha 6, hanyuma ukomeze icyiciro cya kabiri cyo kuvura ubushyuhe; Nyuma yo kuvura ubushyuhe, umwuka ukonje ibicuruzwa kubushyuhe bwicyumba.
Gazi ya azote yubushyuhe bwo hejuru yinjijwe mu itanura ryashyushye mu ntambwe ya s2 yiki kimenyetso ni gaze ya azote iva mu itanura rizimya intambwe ya s3, ifite umuvuduko wa 3.5l / h kuri gaze ya azote ifite ubushyuhe bwinshi.
Urugero 3
Intambwe zikorwa muriki gishushanyo nizo ziri murugero 1, usibye imiterere yihariye yimikorere, ikubiyemo intambwe zikurikira:
S1. Dephosphorisation;
Igisubizo cyogusukura kigizwe nibice bikurikira kubwinshi: ibice 28 bya acetate ya butyl, ibice 12 bya acide polyglycolike, ibice 18 bya acide amineacetic, ibice 18 bya Ethyl acrylate, ibice 7 byumunyu wa oleic triethanolamine, ibice 10 bya etanolamine, nibice 22 byamazi; Ikigega cya dephosifora gifite ibikoresho bya dephosifora, byatoranijwe nkigisubizo cya sodium hydroxide hamwe na 4.5g / l;
S2. Mbere yo kuvura: Shyira ibicuruzwa mu itanura ryashyushye kandi uhore utera gaze ya azote yo mu bushyuhe bwo hejuru mu itanura ryashyushye. Nyuma yo gushyushya amasaha 2.7, kuyikuramo no kuyashyira mu itanura rya carburizing kugirango bivurwe;
S3. Kuzimya: Shira ibicuruzwa mu itanura ryo kuzimya kandi uhore utera gaze ya azote mu itanura. Igipimo cya gazi ya azote ni 4.5l / h, kandi nyuma yo gutera gaze ya azote mu minota 35, byongera buhoro buhoro ubushyuhe bw itanura rizimya kugera kuri 480 ℃, hamwe nubushyuhe bwa 35 ℃ / min, hanyuma ukabigumana iminota 18 mbere yo gukomeza icyiciro cya mbere cyo kuvura; Buhoro buhoro wongere ubushyuhe bwitanura rizima kugeza kuri 575 ℃, hamwe nubushyuhe bwa 55 ℃ / min, hanyuma ubigumane muminota 27 mbere yo gukomeza icyiciro cya kabiri cyo kuvura; Buhoro buhoro wongere ubushyuhe bwitanura rizimya 800 ℃, hamwe nubushyuhe bwa 80 ℃ / min, hanyuma ubigumane muminota 38 mbere yo gukomeza icyiciro cya gatatu cyo kuvura;
S4. Gukonjesha amavuta: Kuramo ibicuruzwa byazimye hanyuma ubishyire mu kigega cya mbere kizimya amavuta yo gukonjesha amavuta. Ubushyuhe bwamavuta azimya ni 275 and, hanyuma ubyuke buri minota 15 muminota 25; Nyuma yo kuyikuramo, shyira mu kigega cya kabiri cyo kuzimya amavuta kugirango ukonje amavuta, hamwe nubushyuhe bwamavuta kuri 60 ℃ hanyuma ubyuke buri minota 15 kugeza ubushyuhe bwibicuruzwa bugabanutse kugera kuri 100 ℃;
S5. Gukuraho amavuta: Kuramo ibicuruzwa byakonje hanyuma ureke bihagarare muminota 40. Kuraho amavuta azimya hejuru yibicuruzwa ukoresheje umwuka ukonje, hamwe n'ubushyuhe bwa 33 ℃ n'umuvuduko wa 22m / s;
S6. Ubushyuhe: Shyira ibicuruzwa byangiritse mu itanura rishyushye kugirango uvure ubushyuhe, uhindure ubushyuhe bwa 145 ℃, naho igihe cyo kugaburira amasaha 2.2. Kora icyiciro cya mbere cyo kuvura ubushyuhe; Kuzamura ubushyuhe kuri 390 ℃, ubushyuhe bwamasaha 4.5, hanyuma ukomeze icyiciro cya kabiri cyo kuvura ubushyuhe; Nyuma yo kuvura ubushyuhe, umwuka ukonje ibicuruzwa kubushyuhe bwicyumba.
Azote yubushyuhe bwo hejuru yinjijwe mu itanura ryashyushye mu ntambwe s2 yiki kimenyetso ni azote mu itanura ryo kuzimya intambwe ya s3, hamwe n’umuvuduko wa 3l / h.
Ikizamini cyimikorere
Ukurikije ibisubizo byikizamini, birashobora kugaragara ko urwego rwimbaraga za bolts zavuwe nuburyo bwo gutunganya ubushyuhe bwavumbuwe ubu buri hejuru ya 10.5, yujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa.
Uburyo bwo gutunganya ubushyuhe bwa bolt yubuvumbuzi bwa none biroroshye, byoroshye gukora, kandi bifite ingaruka nziza yo kuzimya. Mugushushanya ibicuruzwa, igisubizo cyogusukura hejuru yacyo kirashobora gukama, kandi kwiyongera gutunguranye kwubushyuhe mu itanura rizimya birashobora kwirinda kugira ingaruka kubicuruzwa; Azote ifite ubushyuhe bwo hejuru ikoreshwa mu itanura ryashyushye ituruka ku itanura rizimya, ikuraho ibikoresho byo gushyushya mu itanura ryashyushye, rishobora kuzigama ingufu no kugabanya ibiciro by’umusaruro; Gutera azote mu ziko ryashyushye no kuzimya birashobora gukuramo umwuka imbere, ukirinda okiside iterwa na ogisijeni n'ibicuruzwa, bityo ukirinda decarburisation kandi bigatera kunanirwa gufunga imigozi, no kongera igihe cya serivisi y'ibicuruzwa; Icyiciro cyo gushyushya icyiciro gishobora kunoza ingaruka zo kuzimya ibicuruzwa no kuzamura ubwiza bwacyo; Gutunganya amavuta yo gukonjesha birashobora gukonjesha neza ibicuruzwa byo mu bushyuhe bwo hejuru bitangiza ubwiza bwabyo.
Mu bisobanuro by'ibi bisobanuro, kwerekeza ku magambo nka "icyerekezo kimwe", "ibishushanyo bimwe", "ingero", "ingero zihariye", cyangwa "ingero zimwe" bivuze ko ibintu byihariye, imiterere, ibikoresho, cyangwa ibintu byasobanuwe bihujwe no gushushanya cyangwa urugero bikubiye byibuze kimwe cyangwa urugero rw'ibyavumbuwe ubu. Muri ubu busobanuro, imvugo ishushanya yamagambo yavuzwe haruguru ntabwo byanze bikunze yerekeza kubintu bimwe cyangwa ingero. Byongeye kandi, ibintu byihariye, imiterere, ibikoresho, cyangwa ibiranga byasobanuwe birashobora guhuzwa muburyo bukwiye muri kimwe cyangwa byinshi byerekana cyangwa ingero.
Ibyavuzwe haruguru byerekana kandi bisobanura amahame shingiro, ibintu nyamukuru, nibyiza byo kuvumburwa kwubu. Abatekinisiye muri uru ruganda bagomba kumva ko ibivuzwe haruguru bitagabanya uburyo ubwo aribwo bwose, kandi ibisubizo byose bya tekiniki byabonetse binyuze mu gusimbuza kimwe cyangwa guhinduka bihwanye biri mu rwego rwo kurinda iki gihangano.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Apr-04-2023