Guhitamo ibikoresho hamwe no gutunganya ubushyuhe bwimbaraga zikomeye zirasesengurwa byuzuye

1. Guhitamo ibikoresho: guhuza kabiri imikorere nibikorwa

Intangiriro yaimbaraga nyinshiimikorere iri muri koperative yogutezimbere ibikoresho no gutunganya ubushyuhe.Ibikurikira nuburyo bukuru bwo gutoranya ibikoresho hamwe ningingo za tekiniki zinganda:

1. Icyuma giciriritse giciriritse ibyuma: guhitamo kwambere imbaraga nyinshi

o Urwego rusanzwe: 42CrMo, 35CrMoA, 40Cr nibindi bikoresho bifite ubukana bukomeye hamwe nubushobozi bwo kuringaniza imbaraga, bihinduka guhitamo ibyiciro 10.9 na 12.9, cyane cyane bikwiranye ningufu zumuyaga, ingufu za kirimbuzi nibindi bintu biremereye.

o Ibisabwa gukomera: Ibikoresho bigomba kwemeza ko ibice birenga 90% byazimye ari imiterere ya martensitike, kugirango wirinde imiterere itari martensitike mumutima biganisha ku kugabanuka kwimbaraga.Kurugero, M48-M64 bolts ikozwe muri 42CrMoA ibyuma birashobora kuzuza ibipimo ngenderwaho 10.9 mukuzimya 840-860 ℃ no gushyuha kuri 540 ℃.

2. Ibyuma bya karuboni nkeya ibyuma: imbaraga hamwe no kurwanya kuvunika gutinze

o igereranya ibikoresho: 20MnTiB, 35VB, nibindi bikwiranye na bolts 10.9 yo mucyiciro kiri munsi ya M24, kandi ibirimo fosifore nkeya hamwe nimbibi nyinshi zimbibi zirashobora kugabanya ibyago byo kuvunika gutinda.

3. Ibyuma bitagira umwanda: Igisubizo kubidukikije bidasanzwe

o Ibyuma bya Austenitike bidafite ingese (nka 304, 316) hamwe no kurwanya ruswa, bikoreshwa cyane mubikoresho bya Marine nibikoresho bya shimi;Martensitike idafite ibyuma (nka 410) irageragezwa kugirango igere ku mbaraga nyinshi zisabwa.

4. Kugenzura ishyirahamwe ryibikoresho

o spherodizing annealing pretreatment: ibyuma bya karubone yo hagati bigomba kuba isothermal annealing kuri 700 ℃ kugirango ihindure pearlite ya flake mumupira, kunoza ubukonje bwimitwe ikonje (igipimo cya deformasiyo kigera kuri 60% -80%), kandi wirinde gucika imitwe ikonje.

2. Uburyo bwo gutunganya ubushyuhe: kuringaniza neza kwimbaraga no gukomera

Kuvura ubushyuhe nifatizo nyamukuru kugirango umenye imikorere yaBolt, kandi birakenewe kugera kubintu byuzuye byubukanishi binyuze muburyo bwo "kuzimya + ubushyuhe".

1. Spheroidizing annealing inzira

o Ibipimo bitunganijwe: ibyuma bya karubone yo hagati bikonjeshwa buhoro nyuma yo gushyushya hafi yikintu gikomeye (700 ℃);Hagati ya carbone alloy ibyuma isothermal spheroidisation annealing (AC1 + 20-30 ℃ gushyushya, 700 ℃ isothermal) kugirango barebe ko imiterere imwe.

2. Kuzimya inzira nziza

o Kugenzura ubushyuhe: Ubushyuhe bwo kuzimya icyuma giciriritse giciriritse ni 840-870 ℃, nkicyuma cya 42CrMoA ukoresheje 850-870 ℃ gushyushya birashobora gutunganya ingano no kunoza ubujyakuzimu bwurwego.

o gukonjesha guhitamo hagati: kuzimya amavuta (L-AN10 ~ L-AN32) nigisubizo nyamukuru, urebye umuvuduko ukonje no kugenzura imikorere;Ibinini binini byerekana (nka M30 no hejuru) bizimya igisubizo cyamazi ya PAG kugirango wirinde kuzimya.

3. Kugerageza guhanga udushya

o Guhuza ubushyuhe: ubushyuhe bwubushyuhe bwa 42CrMo ibyuma bigomba kugenzurwa kuri 500-540 ℃, ntibishobora gukuraho imihangayiko yo kuzimya gusa, ahubwo binagumana uburinganire hagati yimbaraga zikaze (≥950MPa) no kugabanya ibice (≥44%).

o gukumira no kugenzura ubukana: Kubice 12.9 byicyiciro, gukonjesha amazi cyangwa gukonjesha amavuta bikoreshwa muguhita byihuta 370-560 ℃ ubushyuhe bwagace koroheje kugirango harebwe niba ingaruka zikomeye zujuje ubuziranenge.

4. Kwipimisha no kugenzura ubuziranenge

o Ibipimo byingenzi: ubukana (32-38HRC), imbaraga zingana (≥1040MPa), kuramba nyuma yo kuvunika (≥8%) hamwe nuburyo bwa metallografiya (tempered sorbite + trace ferrite) bigomba kugeragezwa cyane.

o Kwirinda neza: kurandura fosifore polarisiyasi (isoko ikonje kandi yoroheje) hamwe na decarburisation (impamvu nyamukuru itera ubukana budahagije), kandi ugere kubutaka "zero okiside" binyuze mukurinda itanura rya meshi ikomeza kurinda ikirere.

3. Inganda zibabaza inganda no gutera imbere

1. Ikibazo cya tekiniki

o 12.9 ibyiciro byibyiciro byishingikiriza kubitumizwa hanze: kubera ubuziranenge bwibintu bidahagije (ibirimo P, S byinshi) hamwe nubushyuhe budahungabana, ibicuruzwa byo murugo bifite icyuho cyingaruka ziterwa no gutinda kuvunika ugereranije nibicuruzwa byatumijwe hanze.

2. Iterambere ryibanze

o Ibipimo binini byerekana iterambere: Mugutezimbere ubushyuhe bwo kuzimya (850-870 ℃) hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru (500 ℃ × 180min) yicyuma cya 35CrMoA, inganda nka Shuihui Jiangtianbao Inganda zabonye umusaruro mwinshi wa M30-M36 10.9.

o Kuzamura inzira: Kwinjiza ikirere cyagenzuwe gikomeza umurongo wo gutunganya ubushyuhe, kugenzura neza ubujyakuzimu bwa decarburisation (≤0.02mm), no kunoza ibicuruzwa.

4. Icyerekezo kizaza: ubwenge kandi bukora cyane-ibinyabiziga bibiri

Hamwe nogutezimbere imikorere ya bolt murwego rwibikoresho bishya byingufu nindege, inganda zirihutisha ubwihindurize mubyerekezo bibiri:

• Gutunganya ubwenge: sisitemu yo kugenzura igihe nyacyo ibipimo byo kuvura ubushyuhe bishingiye kuri interineti yibintu kugirango ugere ku kugenzura neza urwego ruhindagurika rukomeye ≤2HRC;

• Ibikoresho byo mu rwego rwo hejuru: Iterambere ryibyuma bito cyane-binini cyane (nka 40CrNiMoA), intego yibikorwa ≥60J (-40 ℃), kugirango biteze imbere byuzuye bya bolts 12.9.

Umwanzuro

Guhitamo ibikoresho no kuvura ubushyuhe bwaimbaraga-zikomeyeni "tekinoroji ya nyampinga ihishe" mubijyanye no gukora neza, bisaba igishushanyo mbonera cya siyansi kandi gikomeye, ariko kandi gishingiye no guhanga udushya twinshi mubikoresho, ibikoresho nibizamini.Hamwe n’iterambere rikomeje gutera imbere mu bigo by’imbere mu gihugu, "imbaraga zikomeye" zakozwe mu Bushinwa ziva kuri "zikoreshwa" zijya "byoroshye gukoresha" na "biramba", bitanga garanti ihamye y’ubwigenge bw’ibikoresho byo mu rwego rwo hejuru.